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CHARLES H. HALL, OF SMITHS FERRY, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Patent No. 86,393, (lated Feb'rua/ry 2. 1869.

IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM-GENERATORS To all 'whom it dna/y concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. HALL, of Smiths Ferry, yin the county ofBeaver, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Steam-Generator; and do hereby declare the following tobe a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had tothe accompanying drawing, making a part of this specification, in which-Figure 1 is an outside elevation of my improved steam-generator;

Figure 2V shows a vertical section ofthe same;

Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional 'view of one ofthe boiler-chambersemployed in building up my improved steam-generator; and

Figure 4 is a top or plan view thereof.

Like letters ofreference 'indicate like parts in each.l

The nature of my invention consists in the construction of a series oftubular boiler-chambers, arranged one above the other, and allimmediately over or con-V nected with a heating-furnace, and soconstructed as to secure, when in use, a current of' hot air, smoke,gases of combustion, &c., passing in one direction, and acontinuous flowof water passing in the opposite direction; and also so constructed asto give agreatlyhincreased heating-surface, along with the strength anddurability necessary to a successful and -safe steam-generator.

To. enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, Iwill proceed to describe its construction and mode of operation.

Ais a dre-chamber, closed at the sides, except on the side into whichopens the door B, and the sides Aand top and bottom of the passage,leading from the door B inward, are made tight and close.

The bottom of the fire-chamber consists of a firegrate, b, beneath whichis an ash-pit, b.

The'door B is deep enough, so that through it, or through a grating ordamper in its lower part, air may be furnished to the iire on the grateb.

Below the ash-pit b is a water-cl'lamber, C, which extends upward,around the lire-chamber A, to any de sired height.

The walls of the two unite at or near the upper part ofthe dre-chamberA.

The outer wall, a, I make generally ot' cylindrical form, though othershapes may be used, if preferred.

On the top of the outer wall I place a series of boilerchambers, oneabove the other, such as is shown in iig. 3. Each of these is castseparate. rIhey are 'of uniform size and shape, and, except the first orlower one, are counterparts of each other.

They consist of a cylindrical box, a, closed at top and bottoni, as atc, except that numerous pipe-holes,

nl, with tight walls or sides and joints. are made from top to bottom.

Below the bottom face, Vthe cylindrical sides a project downward a shortdistance, so as to form a flange, a. In the centre ofthe bottom face iscast a pipe, f, its upper end projecting about half way up 4toward theupper face, and its lower end projecting downward tar enough to passthrough a tubular opening, which is left at the centre of each upperface, as shown at g.

In the lower boiler-chamber, however, the pipe f projects downwardthrough the lire-chamber A, grate b, ash-pit b', and enters thewater-chamber C, as shown in fig. 2.

v The upper ends of the pipes f are open, and the lower ends closed,butsmall holes, e,are made in the sides, near the lower ends, forpurposes presently to be explained.

This boiler-chambel, as shown in tig. 3, is made in one piece at asingle casting, or, if so preferred, may be forged,with water-tightjoints, of wrought-iron, and virtually consists ofla'n outer shell, a,and inner shells, d, the two being united by the top and bottom faces c.The pipes d are made small, and in large number.

The spaces h, betweenthe pipes d, constitute the inside of 4theboiler-chamber, or, in other words, the water and steam-spaces requiredin generating steam.

The steam-generator is built up of these to any required, height. lhejoints between them are made tight, if need be, by luting or packing.The lower end of each pipe f then enters the next boiler-chamber below,but not so far as to close the upper open' end of the next pipe f below.The heated air, smoke,` gases of combustion, 85e., from 'the lire in thelire-chamber A, then pass upward through the pipes d and chambers m.

The water introduced at the uppermostpipe j, as

presently to be explained, passes out from it through the holes e, insmall jets or streams, into the waterchamber or spaces h, fills them upto the level of the upper open end of the next lower pipe f, flows downit, out'again, n tine jets, thrcughthe holes e, filling the water-spacehin the boiler-chamber next below,

and so on, from chamber to chamber, till, by the lowest pipe f, itpasses through the fire on thc grate b, and dows out into the lowestwater-chamber O.

Thus the water fed in at the top, as it flows down, is brought intocontact with a series of heating-surfaces of great extent, in proportionto the amount of water, and of a gradually-increasing temperature, thelower chambers, of course, being the hottest. In this way steam isgenerated with great rapidity, especially in the lower chambers. It isby a steam-pipe or pipes, of the usual or any known construction, thenconducted to the cylinder of the engine, or -applied to other desireduses.

But as some of the water will pass into the lower chamber C withoutbeing vapor-ized, and as a continuous flow is kept up, I throw theexcess of water, by'a force-pump or other suitable contrivance, out ofthe i chamber C, up again into the uppermost pipe f, whence it iiowsdown from chamber to chamber, as already described, and being already ata high temperature, it is vaporized with much greater rapidity thanbefore.

Any suitable pumping-device may be employed, that shown in the drawingconsisting of a pump-barrel, u, and piston, n', with connecting-pipes,ofo', one leading to the lower chamber C, and the other to the upperboilerchamber, so arranged that the upward stroke of the piston n' shalldraw the Water from the chamber G and discharge it into the spaces h ofthe upper chamber. But in order to supply the loss of water occasionedby evaporation, I feed in fresh water at any desirable point, either byan injector or force-pump,

directly into thel chamber C, or by a pipe connected with thevpump-barrel n. Then, by a cock, s, on the pipe o, and a similar cock onthecold-water pipe, I can regulate the supply, and pump up hot or coldWater at braced bythe pipes d, 'which extend from one to the 1 other.

Second, in proportion to the amount of heating-surface which they give,they are cheaply made.

Third, if any one of the chambers becomes injured or impaired, it can bequickly and easily removed, and a new one put in its place. I

Fourth, itis compactly made, and is portable when nished,.or can beeasily taken apart, moved from place to place, and as easily put upagain.v

It will also be observed that the heating-summe, as well as the strengthof the different chambers, is largely increased by making the `chambersseparate, with smoke and hot-air chambers 'm between.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

1. A series of tubular boiler-chambers, a a af a', c on-` ne'ctedtogether one above the other, with hot-air and combustion-chambersbetween, and all arranged over and connected with a furnace, whereby,when in operation, a current of hot air and unconsumed. gases ofcombustible material will pass in one direction, and steam and Water inthe other direction, substantially as shown and described.

2. Steam and water-chamber C, below and around the {ire-space of furnaceA, connected with aseries of tubular boiler-chambers above said 'furnaceby pipes f and o, constructed substantially as hereinbefore eX- plained.v

3. Pipes o'o, and pump n, arranged with relation to chamber C and uppertubular chambers a, for carrying or forcing back from the lowest of aseries of steamgenerating chambers to the highest, the unvaporized Waterand condensed' steam, so as to pass it again through the steam-generating process, substantially as hereinbefore specied.

In testimony whereof, I, the said CHARLES H. HALL, have hereunto set'myhand.

CHARLES H.- HALL.

Witnesses ELL ToRnANcn, G. H. CHRISTY.

